Friday, April 16, 2021

Science Times: Godzilla, King Kong and Other Monsters

Plus, weekend recommendations, a Times flashback, and more
George Etheredge for The New York Times

On Godzilla, King Kong and Other Monsters

By Alan Burdick

It's fair to say that the premises of both Godzilla and King Kong — much less "Godzilla vs. Kong" — are scientifically absurd.

On the one hand a colossal, amphibious, radioactive T. rex. On the other, and only slightly more plausibly, a colossal ape on a small island in the middle of nowhere, with no progenitors or potential mates in sight. Godzilla at least has the atomic-bomb tests of the 1950s for an origin; King Kong somehow arose de novo, with zero help from natural selection.

Both began, like all good monsters, as walking parables. Godzilla, a synthetic creature at heart, is what we humans get when we tinker with the fundamental forces — a supersize Frankenstein with nuclear breath. (Blue Oyster Cult said it best: "History shows again and again / How nature points out the folly of men.") Kong is all unadulterated nature, fated to be roadkill on humanity's rapacious drive across Earth. Together, they are two visions of our relationship to nature writ very, very large.

So what happens when these two morality tales collide? Which would prevail: the product of plunder or the byproduct of invention? That's what I found myself asking, not very hopefully, a couple of nights ago as I watched "Godzilla vs. Kong" on HBO Max. The winner was, well, neither the viewer nor the bystanders. The face-off involved yet a third human-relationship-to-nature trope in a plot so convoluted that I couldn't explain it to my teenage son when he showed up near the end. The one takeaway came from my other teenage son, who gleaned it from a year of remote learning on the sofa: "Dad, why were special effects better 30 years ago?"

Really, who needs imaginary monsters anyway? Science is constantly turning up evidence of actual organisms that defy common sense: azhdarchids, enormous pterosaurs that had necks like giraffes; modern-day ants that shrink their brains in order to become queens; slugs that chew off their own heads; octopuses that punch fish. This week the Times reporter Kenneth Chang spoke to researchers who calculated that roughly 20,000 adult T. rexes roamed the planet at any given moment in time. They weren't radioactive or even colossal, but they reigned for 2.4 million years, all 2.5 billion of them.

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If cinematography is what you want, why not watch one of the many nature documentaries now sprouting up like weeds: David Attenborough's "Life in Color," "My Octopus Teacher," "Tiny World." (Here's a whole list.) Except that these serve up a different fiction, insofar as they mostly leave humans off screen. "By consistently presenting nature as an untouched wilderness," Emma Marris noted recently in The Atlantic, "many nature documentaries mislead viewers into thinking that there are lots of untouched wildernesses left."

What Hollywood monsters offer is the fantasy of a physical force vastly more powerful than us that might keep our own in check. But aside from natural disasters and perhaps microbes, that luxury is unavailable; it's just us versus us. The only true, living monsters out there are we humans: both of nature and lonely in our impression that we alone are above it. I thought about all that as I turned off the TV, said good night to my kids and crawled into bed beside my wife on our little island in the middle of the dark.

MONSTERS OF EARTH AND SEA

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Science Photo Library/Science Source

How Many Tyrannosaurus Rexes Ever Lived on Earth? Here's a New Clue.

An estimation of the iconic predator's total population can teach us things about dinosaurs that fossils cannot.

By Kenneth Chang

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Williams et al., iScience

Trilobites

How the Largest Animals That Could Ever Fly Supported Giraffe-Like Necks

These pterosaurs had wingspans as long as 33 feet, and scans of fossilized remains reveal a surprise in their anatomy.

By Becky Ferreira

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Clint Penick

Trilobites

These Ants Shrink Their Brains for a Chance to Become Queen

If their bids at motherhood fail, they can then regrow their brains.

By Annie Roth

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The UWI Seismic Research Centre/Agence France-Presse — Getty Images

Video Shows Volcano Eruption in Southern Caribbean

A volcano in St. Vincent, known as La Soufrière, erupted on Friday after it had lay dormant for decades. Footage shows plumes of smoke spewing from the volcano.

By The New York Times

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Steven Kovacs

The Ocean's Youngest Monsters Are Ready for Glamour Shots

Divers practicing blackwater photography are helping marine scientists gain new insights into fish larvae.

By Erik Olsen

As always, let us know how we're doing at sciencenewsletter@nytimes.com.

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What we're metabolizing

A satellite image of the Soufrière volcano on St. Vincent in the Caribbean on April 9.NASA Earth Observatory, via Agence France-Presse — Getty Images

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Science in The Times: 100 years ago today

The front page of April 16, 1921.

"Professor Albert Einstein lectured on his theory of relativity yesterday for the first time since his arrival in this country before members of science faculties of Columbia University and students, in the auditorium of Horace Mann School. He spoke in German, but those anxious to see and hear the man who has contributed a new theory of space and time and motion to scientific conceptions of the universe, filled every seat and stood in the aisles. …"

"Professor Einstein showed himself possessed of a sense of humor, for he several times brought chuckles and laughs from his audience by his references to the 'idiotic' behavior of certain bodies in accelerated systems. Also he caused much amusement when he wished to erase some diagrams he had drawn on the blackboard and made futile motions in the air with his hand until Professor Pupin came to his rescue."

THE CORONAVIRUS OUTBREAK

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Mario Tama/Getty Images

C.D.C. Panel Keeps Pause on Use of J&J Vaccine, Citing Need to Assess Potential Risks

An advisory committee debated the very few cases of a rare blood disorder and worried about the suspension's effect on global needs for a one-shot, easy-to-ship vaccine.

By Denise Grady and Carl Zimmer

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Mary Altaffer/Associated Press

J&J Vaccine and Blood Clots: The Risks, if Any, Are Very Low

Out of an "abundance of caution," the F.D.A. is advising doctors to pause the Johnson & Johnson vaccine while it investigates extremely rare blood clots.

By Denise Grady and Carl Zimmer

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Shannon Stapleton/Reuters

What the Coronavirus Variants Mean for Testing

Most tests should be able to detect the variants of concern, but test developers and health officials must remain vigilant, scientists say.

By Emily Anthes

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John Taggart for The New York Times

U.S. Suicides Declined Over All in 2020 but May Have Risen Among People of Color

Despite dire predictions, the number of suicides fell by 5 percent over all. Still, smaller studies suggested the trends were much worse among nonwhite Americans.

By Roni Caryn Rabin

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Alex Edelman/Agence France-Presse — Getty Images

Overdose Deaths Have Surged During the Pandemic, C.D.C. Data Shows

The latest numbers surpass even the yearly tolls during the height of the opioid epidemic and mark a reversal of progress against addiction in recent years.

By Abby Goodnough

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