Saturday, August 1, 2020

Race/Related: Celebrating Eid al-Adha Amid a Pandemic

We asked a few Muslims how they planned to observe Eid al-Adha in this pandemic year.

By Fahima Haque

Ahmed Akbar picks up ice cream from a drive-through at a mosque. Celebrations of Eid al-Adha were different in this pandemic year.Ali Lapetina for The New York Times

Celebrating Eid al-Adha

Most countries observed Eid al-Adha on Friday, and so a belated Eid Mubarak to all who celebrated one of the holiest days in Islam. It is meant to remind Muslims of their faithfulness to Allah and each other, through Zakat, one of the five pillars of the religion that focuses on charity.

The holiday commemorates the story of the Prophet Ibrahim’s devotion to Allah and his willingness to sacrifice his son Ismail. Allah ultimately spared Ismail, and instead sacrificed a ram. You might know the story as Abraham and Isaac, per the Judeo-Christian tradition. This is why Eid al-Adha is known as the festival of sacrifice and why families slaughter an animal — often a goat, sheep or a cow — to give to a family in need.

Eid al-Adha also comes right after Hajj, a sacred pilgrimage to Mecca that is a mandate for Muslims who are able-bodied and can afford the five-day trip. Usually 2.5 million Muslims make the journey. But this year, because of the global pandemic, Saudi Arabia said it would allow just 1,000 people, and all from within the kingdom.

I’m celebrating — socially distanced — with my parents and one of my sisters, who lives in the New York City borough of Queens, not far from our parents and from where I grew up. My dad went to a socially distanced prayer service in the morning and my mom and I prayed at home. My mom usually makes a feast — pulao, biryani, kebabs and much more — but made much less food this year.

Our pared down celebration got me thinking: How else are American Muslims observing Eid al-Adha this year? I talked to a few people across the country about how they planned to celebrate. Here’s what they say had to say, edited lightly for length and clarity:

Ahmed Ali Akbar, a journalist and host of the podcast “See Something, Say Something,” has been in quarantine in Michigan with his wife and his father since March.

We’re going to pray in our house (the local mosque is open but we are choosing not to go), my wife, my dad and I on Zoom. We’ll probably take a lot of pictures. Dressing up and looking nice is definitely a huge part of Eid; it’s a renewal kind of thing.
We’re going to go to the drive-through — our mosque is doing barbecue — and pick up some food. We’re going to do a socially distanced picnic and do a socially distanced photo shoot. The other thing I’m going to cook is achar gosht (pickled meat stew) because during Eid al-Adha meat is a very central part, in a way.
Ahmed Ali Akbar and his wife Salimah Mohamed at their Eid al-Adha picnic in Michigan.Ali Lapetina for The New York Times
Ever since my mother passed, Eid has changed its meaning. Our mother was responsible for a lot of the excitement and cooking. So now that’s fallen on me, actually. I called up my dad and I think we decided on achar gosht and I have some mango ice cream that I’ve been making out of these mangoes that we imported from Pakistan. It will be a restrained menu. I think when you compare to both when my mother was alive and when there was no quarantine, the expectations have simplified.
This Eid, I’m asking, can I take the spirit of generosity here and try to use whatever I have for good? I’m trying to figure what local organizations and people I can support.

Kima Jones, the founder of a book publicity agency committed to literature by Black writers and writers of color, lives in Los Angeles and will be celebrating with her two brothers who have been in quarantine with her.

The Eids are two of my favorite holidays. My father was Muslim, and growing up, my mother was Southern Baptist; she’s since converted. It’s really just all about the food for me. We lived in New York and my father would drive to New Jersey and pick up Halal sausage, bean pies, in bulk, because there were eight of us children. My father, my brothers, my older male cousins, they always slaughtered lamb, sheep, and once or twice, cows.
My father owned a Halal farm during his lifetime. I grew up with him going out and sacrificing and cleaning the designated animal. We paid Zakat the way that we needed to, but really it was just three or four days of extremely good eating. I won’t be sacrificing an animal this year because of Covid-19. Whenever I can’t get meat, either I can’t do it myself or if a family member can’t, I try to order from Honest Chops, a Halal meat market in Manhattan. You can actually buy an animal and donate it to a family and they will do the ritual for you and get the meat cleaned, packaged and shipped out.
This year in the pandemic, I’m going to do our Eid prayers here at the house. We’re going to cook five or six courses, which I know sounds like a lot, but I come from a big family and so I’m used to very big portions. We’re going to have lamb, red snapper, something with shrimp, a vegetable, grill some corn, make a fruit salad.
Like many Muslims across America, Ms. Jones planned to celebrate Eid al-Adha at home. She prepared several dishes for her and her two brothers.Philip Cheung for The New York Times
There are two major ways that I try to look at time, and I measure it for my birthday to my birthday, like it’s my own personal calendar year, but I also measure progress, Eid to Eid, Ramadan to Ramadan. In addition to having material resolutions, to-do lists or goals, I also have my spiritual resolutions and I want to make sure that I’m checking in with myself each Ramadan, whether that is to learn a new Surah, whether that is to finally memorize the 99 names of Allah, whatever the thing is.
Eid al-Adha also specifically makes me think, what is my divine assignment? What have I been asked to do? Am I doing it? Am I doing it in a way that’s a reflection of what’s the best for me, what’s best for the people that I serve? It really makes me sit with myself, course correct and be self-aware. The story of Ibrahim is forcing us to check in with ourselves, and the quarantine is forcing us to check in with ourselves, our friends, our family more often.

Shahana Hanif, is running for a seat on the New York City Council to represent District 39 in Brooklyn. She lives with her parents in the Kensington neighborhood of Brooklyn.

Kensington is quite festive because it’s one of the largest Bangladeshi-Muslim enclaves in our city. The circumstances of celebration during this moment are hard because of not being able to be as mobile as I’d want to be. Having been born and raised in the diaspora, we’ve built traditions that are rooted in going away or traveling about and taking on the outdoors. But I don’t think that component will be gone, like one thing that we do always is go to our local hookah spot and that’s still on the agenda. They have outdoor hookah, and so we’re continuing that.
Eid is very low key in my household. For my family, it’s making sure that family back home (in Bangladesh) have what they need to celebrate and making sure that the financial contributions are met in both of my parents’ hometowns.

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Racial injustice and corporate America

Corporate leaders widely condemned the racial injustices laid bare by the killing of George Floyd. They promised to support civil rights initiatives and re-examine their own companies’ records on racial inequality. But, critics contend, years of well-intentioned pledges have had little effect. What more is needed from the business community to produce lasting change? Nikole Hannah-Jones, domestic correspondent and creator of The 1619 Project, joins the DealBook team to discuss on Thursday, Aug. 6 at 11 a.m.

[R.S.V.P. for the event here.]

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Canada Letter: How Canada helped make another critical vaccine possible

An American created the polio vaccine, but a pioneering female scientist made production possible.

Canada’s Key Role in Creating a Once Awaited Vaccine

Canadians don’t have to go back to 1918 and the start of the Spanish flu pandemic to find an analogy to today. For decades, waves of polio outbreaks gripped the country with fear, death and uncertainty, as recently as the 1950s.

Work by Dr. Leone N. Farrell was critical to mass production of the polio vaccine.Sanofi Pasteur Canada Archives

At times, the outbreaks caused Canada to limit travel from the United States. Special hospitals were set up in some provinces to help children paralyzed by polio when physiotherapy was established. The iron lung began appearing in hospitals to assist patients’ breathing. School openings were delayed in many communities in a bid to reduce polio’s spread.

Ultimately, about 50,000 Canadian children were infected with polio during four major epidemics, and 4,000 of them died.

During the 1940s and ’50s, an era before full publicly funded health care, the federal government and many provinces began pouring money and resources into efforts to eliminate polio through a vaccine.

Dr. Jonas Salk, an American, became a global celebrity for developing that vaccine. But much less well known is the critical role the Connaught Laboratories in Toronto and Dr. Leone N. Farrell, one of its researchers, played in making testing and then mass production of that vaccine a reality.

“We’re kind of at a similar stage with the Covid vaccines as the one where she came involved with polio,” Christopher Rutty, a medical historian who is an adjunct professor at the University of Toronto’s Dalla Lana School of Public Health, told me this week. “A vaccine may work at a small scale, but upscaling is a major, different challenge.”

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Dr. Salk’s breakthrough was taking the live polio vaccine and killing it with formaldehyde. When injected into people, the killed virus still produced an antibody reaction that provided immunity.

The polio virus was grown in cultures of monkey kidney cells. But Dr. Salk was initially only able to create a few grams of virus at a time in test tubes. At the time, the substance of choice for growing viruses or bacteria, Dr. Rutty said, was meat, a method that could lead to allergic reactions in patients who received the vaccines.

Connaught, however, had come up with a synthetic, liquid growth mixture, known as Medium 199, for cancer cell research that produced more virus, more quickly and without contamination. It was provided to Dr. Salk for his polio efforts.

It was Dr. Farrell, one of a very small number of women then working as research chemists in Canada, who figured out how to safely produce vast quantities of virus in Medium 199. Adapting earlier work, she developed what came to be known as the Toronto Method. Racks of specially designed machines gently rocked bottles of Method 199 and the virus.

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Her next task was to get enough machines built and to hire enough qualified staff to make not only enough virus for the tests in the United States, Canada and Finland, but also to create enough vaccine to inoculate all of Canada’s children. In a bid to accelerate vaccination, the Canadian government gambled and placed an order with Connaught before knowing if the Salk vaccine would prove safe and effective in tests.

It did, with the result made public on April 12, 1955, the day before Dr. Farrell’s birthday. “I could not help feeling that I had received a pretty fine present,” she said in a speech that fall.

Variations of the Toronto Method were used until the 1970s to make polio vaccines, Dr. Rutty told me. Apparently, at Dr. Farrell’s request, Connaught decided not to patent the process.

Dr. Rutty, who is the expert when it comes to Canada’s role in polio research and who serves as the historian for Connaught’s successor company, Sanofi Pasteur Canada, said that frustratingly little is known about Dr. Farrell’s personal life. She never married, as was the case with many other women in early Canadian medical research, nor had children.

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Dr. Farrell was a trailblazing Canadian research chemist. During much of her career, she was one of a few women in the field.Sanofi Pasteur Canada Archives

In 1941, when Dr. Farrell was inquiring about a post in naval intelligence, she seemed to try to head off any potential sexism byportraying herself as someone who could become one of the guys. “My intention has always been ‘to be a lady chemist — and not look like it,’” she wrote in the letter.

She added: “So conscious am I of my environment and keenly aware of people in all their phases as persons that I have been charged with being a chameleon.”

Before retiring in 1969, Dr. Farrell took on several other major projects including one that greatly increased penicillin production.

But she received relatively little public recognition in her lifetime and was buried in an unmarked grave after her death in 1986.

In 2009, Dr. Farrell’s name and a tribute to her work were added to a family tombstone.

Dr. Rutty said that he hopes to do more research about her life.

“Farrell is a unique person,” he said. “Without her, there really wouldn’t have been a vaccine, at least not then.”

Trans Canada

Prime Minister Justin Trudeau arriving at his office before testifying on Thursday.Dave Chan/Agence France-Presse — Getty Images
  • There was no corruption, just a government working to save lives during a pandemic. That’s the message Prime Minister Justin Trudeau delivered on Thursday to skeptical Parliamentarians, and to Canadians, about the government’s decision to award a hefty no-bid contract to a charity with ties with his family, Catherine Porter reports.
  • It’s known as sled head. Matthew Futterman has investigated how skull rattling rides and high speed crashes may be linked to a shocking wave of suicides and suicide attempts by sliding sport athletes in Canada and in the United States.
  • My counterparts at the Climate Fwd: newsletter have a grim forecast for outdoor hockey in Canada: “Hockey could become a sport for the privileged few.”
  • Tobias Carroll, a book reviewer for The Times, found Cherie Dimaline’s new novel, “Empire of Wild,” “turns an old story into something newly haunting and resonant.” In it, the Vancouver-based writer, who is a member of Ontario’s Georgian Bay Métis Community, tells the story of a Métis woman who is grappling with the loss of her husband. She doesn’t know whether he’s dead or simply left town after a heated argument between them.
  • Eddie Shack,who was a fan favorite at Maple Leaf Gardens during the Leafs’ now-distant glory days and a leading villain in Quebec, has died at the age of 83.
  • The International Real Estate column took a tour of a villa on Nova Scotia’s Mahone Bay.

A native of Windsor, Ontario, Ian Austen was educated in Toronto, lives in Ottawa and has reported about Canada for The New York Times for the past 16 years. Follow him on Twitter at @ianrausten.

How are we doing?

We’re eager to have your thoughts about this newsletter and events in Canada in general. Please send them to nytcanada@nytimes.com.

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