Monday, May 1, 2023

U.S. Department of Justice Attorney Vacancies Update

The United States Department of Justice


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05/01/2023 07:30 AM EDT

Civil Division (CIV)
Office of Management Programs/FOIA and Privacy Unit
Washington, District of Columbia
Announcement #: DE-11903193-23-VJ
Application Deadline: May 12, 2023

As an Attorney Advisor, GS-0905-14/15, your typical work assignments may include the following:

  • Ensuring that FOIA and PA requests are handled in accordance with the applicable statutory requirements and policy guidance.
  • Maintaining a high-level of knowledge regarding the current status of case law, regulations, and guidelines regarding FOIA, PA, and privacy compliance regulations.
  • Processing FOIA and PA requests and attending to Division obligations that may exist when FOIA and PA litigation arises.
  • Collecting information from various components and organizations to prepare detailed reports and correspondence in a timely manner. Reviewing records for the application of FOIA and PA exemptions and exceptions.
  • Providing advice and interpretation of the FOIA and PA to be used for responses to inquiries from the public.
  • Providing FOIA, PA, and privacy compliance legal and policy guidance to the supervisor and other Division officials on legal implications of FOIA and associated legislation, regulation, and policy relating to the disclosure of information to members of the public, Congress, and other agencies.
  • Advising, coordinating, and training Unit staff and the Division on the legal, technical, and policy requirements related to FOIA, PA, and privacy compliance.
  • Assisting on Division records and e-discovery matters as assigned by the Chief, of the FOIA and Privacy Act Unit.
  • Creating and reviewing privacy compliance products, such as Initial Privacy Assessments, Privacy Impact Assessments, and System of Records Notices.
 

 

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Before you go - must read: "Effective Ways to Get Rid of Under-Eye Bags"

Undereye bags typically occur due to poor sleep or elevated sodium levels, but they usually disappear quickly. However, getting rid of them becomes more challenging when they're caused by underlying issues or aging. While many skincare products fail to smooth out the undereye area, there are several ways to bolster the skin and minimize the appearance of undereye bags.

Keep reading to learn more.

Coconut Oil Massage

Coconut oil strengthens the sensitive skin below the eyes and has a lightening effect on dark areas. Before going to bed, remove makeup and massage a bit of coconut oil into your skin. When applying the oil to the undereye area, make sure to use gentle tapping motions to avoid tearing the skin.

Use Green or Black Tea Bags

Green and black tea boast many health benefits, but few people know that tea bags could enhance the appearance of their skin. Rather than discarding the bags, leave them in the refrigerator to cool. Place them over your eyes as a cold compress for ten minutes to improve blood circulation. Your skin will look well-rested and less puffy.

Place Cucumbers Over Your Eyes

Refrigerated cucumbers are another excellent way to reduce swelling and prevent discoloration. Cover your eyes with cold slices to hydrate the skin and fend off redness, dryness, and dark spots.

Tweak Your Diet

Alcohol, sugar, salt, and fried food help fluid pool underneath the eyes, making the skin look swollen and irritated. Replacing these ingredients and foods with healthier alternatives will have a rejuvenating effect on your skin.

Adopt a Healthier Lifestyle

Unhealthy lifestyle choices such as smoking, poor sleep, and dehydration mark our skin, especially the sensitive undereye area. When you adopt healthier habits, you'll look and feel good.

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Face of Defense: A Chemist's Journey to Make 'Bad Unknowns' Known

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Face of Defense: A Chemist's Journey to Make 'Bad Unknowns' Known
May 1, 2023 | By Katie Lange

Having grown up not far from the Army Aberdeen Proving Ground in Maryland, Irvine Swahn knew at a young age that he would probably end up working there someday. He started as a base forklift driver before transferring in 1984 into an entry-level chemist position for the Edgewood Research, Development and Engineering Center as he began his last year of college. 

Fast forward nearly 40 years, and you'll still find Swahn working at APG. But he had a few stops on his career path in between Army gigs, and those helped make him a leader in the field of chemical warfare agent science. He's worked in some intense situations — in Iraq, Libya and Pakistan, to name a few — and seen a lot of changes in technology. Nowadays, he's passing his extensive knowledge on to others and reminding all up-and-coming scientists that there are a lot of civilian careers available within the DOD — all you need to do is get your foot in the door.  

Swahn is a chemist within the 20th Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, Explosives Command's CBRNE Analytical and Remediation Activity – simply known as CARA. It's an all-civilian organization that has four main mission sets:  

  • Conducting mobile lab operations at the level III Theater Validation level in support of DOD operations. 
  • Supporting emergency response missions for suspected recovered chemical warfare material. 
  • Supporting remediation operations at formally used defense sites and other areas within the U.S.  
  • Providing technical escort to move chemical agents within the U.S.  

There are a lot of nasty, nasty chemical weapons out there. knowing we were able to clean up about 98% of them — 98% of the world's stockpile."

It may sound complicated to some, but Swahn said his role really isn't. As a chemist at the CARA mobile labs, he receives air, soil and water samples from military and civilian units, then prepares and analyzes them on various instruments to identify whether they contain dangerous chemicals that might cause harm.  

"That's a whole lot of words to say we make the bad unknowns known," Swahn said. And the preparation is key. "You have to prepare those correctly for each specific instrument because you can get a little bit of information from one instrument, then more information from another. . We have multiple chemical databases, which are libraries used by the instruments to identify those unknown compounds in samples collected." 

Swahn trains new chemists on how chemical warfare agents are made, on how they break down in the environment and about their physical and toxicological properties. This information better equips CARA chemists to handle and analyze the dangerous compounds. Swahn also develops new methods for analyzing samples to better look for unknown chemical compounds — or, as he said, "that needle in a haystack."   

Training Soldiers 

Swahn works with soldiers, too. He's currently gearing up to prepare realistic drills for units at various Army training centers so soldiers can learn to recognize certain chemicals and equipment that's used to store, fill or make weapons – from synthesis labs up to full-scale industrial production plants. He also teaches them how to identify the most significant evidence and how to collect it properly.   

Since the 1980s when Swahn first started his career, technological advancements have sped up chemists' ability to separate samples and do analysis on a greater number of chemicals.  

"Now, you have instruments with hundreds of thousands of compounds in a library, and you can put any chemical in and get on-the-spot identification," Swahn said. "And now we're using a lot of handheld instruments, which top the big dinosaur instruments I started on. … It's quite impressive how far we've come in the past 25 to 30 years." 

Swahn's training expertise comes from his extensive background in working with chemical weapons. In fact, his resume really couldn't be more impressive. Here are just some of the highlights:  

This included going to Iraq's former chemical warfare agent research and production facility, Al Muthanna, after the 1991 war. His job: to verify the country's chemical weapons stockpiles had been destroyed and that there was no on-site contamination. Later, he spearheaded the setup, manning and training of international analysts at the Baghdad Monitoring and Verification Center, the lab the UN Special Commission built to oversee the dismantling of the country's chemical weapons.  

"They gathered all the chemical weapons they had across the countryside and brought them there to be destroyed," Swahn said. "It was interesting being in a former chemical weapons production facility… and working with the Iraqis." 

Swahn also helped draft many of the verification procedures that future inspectors would use there.

Swahn did this for the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, headquartered in the Netherlands, which implements the Chemical Weapons Convention, an agreement that went into effect in 1997 that works to end the development, production, stockpiling, transfer and use of chemical weapons for prohibited purposes. 

"You can still make chemical weapons," Swahn said. "We can make them here in small quantities for nonprohibited purposes like testing, detection and decontamination studies. It's chemical-biological defense." 

Swahn initially developed sampling and analysis procedures and carried out inspections in countries that had joined the convention. Eventually, he become a team leader with a wide range of responsibilities that included training inspection teams and team leaders. He also planned and conducted more than 60 international inspections. These teams had full diplomatic status that provided them special protection during their inspections. His last two years with the organization had him coordinating and planning some difficult missions to some volatile countries such as Libya, Russia, Pakistan and Iraq. 

"OPCW is kind of the watchdog of the world for the CWC to make sure these countries – that whatever chemical weapons agents they're making are in small quantities for protective purposes," Swahn said. "Its second job is to look at industry and make sure all these chemicals that can be used to make chemical weapons aren't diverted. We did many inspections at regular industrial plants all over the world."

"The prize was won for the work they did from 1997 to 2013, and I was there from 1997 to 2012," Swahn said. 

His humility about the experience was evident in his lack of words for it.   

"It was very worthwhile — an adventure," he said. "It was a great accomplishment to be involved in."

Swahn recalled a trip to Pakistan where inspections were delayed for weeks due to terrorist activity. He and his team ended up doing the inspection with armed escorts. He was also involved with many inspections in Libya, where he was one of the first people to sample and analyze their chemical weapons. One of the inspection teams he was on finished its work and left Libya just two days before the country's longtime leader, Muammar Gaddafi, was killed in October 2011.  

"Sometimes I felt out of my league negotiating special missions with ambassadors and high-ranking government officials, as with Libya, which was falling apart at the time," he remembered.  

Swahn was also the first American to inspect Chinese military sites in 1998. It was a media circus that he found daunting.  

"There were all these reporters, and they went right past our team leader. They wanted to talk to the American ," he remembered. "These people were shoving mics in your face and throwing all these questions at you … and our public affairs guy was saying, 'Whatever you do, don't talk to reporters!' 
"I was just doing my job and trying to stay out of the politics," Swahn said.

Returning to the Army 

Swahn returned to his military roots in 2012 to do chemistry research and training for various Army directorates. He spent about four years training Army National Guard soldiers, Reservists and their civil support teams and science offices on lab operations for the Army Chemical Biological Center. He still does this a few weeks every year. 

Swahn was working for CARA in 2016 when he deployed with its mobile lab to Camp Arifjan, Kuwait, to set up and take samples from the area for U.S. Central Command. 

"It was inspiring to support commanders in the field who were making critical decisions on completing their mission while not risking their forces," Swahn said. "I helped answer questions like, 'How do we detect these agents?' 'How long do we have to stay away from areas where this stuff was disseminated?' And, 'What are the effects of these types of chemicals?'"  

A Career's Worth of Memorable Moments 

Over the span of nearly four decades, Swahn has worked at multiple weapons destructions sites in countries all over the world. He's trained inspectors of all nationalities and helped develop various chemical-biological defense programs. Needless to say, he's had a lot of memorable experiences. But he said his favorites have been the travel and the camaraderie.  

"Walking through Red Square in Moscow, on top the Great Wall of China, and traveling to the Taj Mahal and the Great Pyramids at Gisa are just a few of the most memorable experiences," he said. "Getting to see the magnificent, well-preserved Roman ruins of Sabratha and Leptis Magna was the chance of a lifetime … and seeing the ancient ruins of Babylon, Hatra and Samarra wasn't bad, either."  

He said the occasional tension between countries was also pretty memorable.  

"Whenever you went anywhere, they always suspected you of being a spy, and we always suspected them of being spies," Swahn said. "I started working before the end of the Cold War, when we were against the Russians. Then, 10-15 years later, I'm in Russia negotiating with these same guys who were thinking about how to kill us, and we were thinking about how to kill them." 

As for one of the craziest moments?  

"In April 1998, I was showered by a plume of liquid Sarin agent that covered my protective suit during a live agent collection at a destruction facility," he said. "It was pretty crazy, but keeping a cool head and good decontamination allowed me to survive!" 

Swahn said the things he's most proud of are the opportunities he had to train various military units in chemical weapons defense and the work he did for the OPCW.  

"There are a lot of nasty, nasty chemical weapons out there," he said. " knowing we were able to clean up about 98% of them — 98% of the world's stockpile."   

Advice for Future Scientists 

For up-and-coming scientists who are looking to get their foot in the door along a similar career path, Swahn said they need to find what they want and make it happen.  

"Dream big, study hard, be willing to travel around the world, and be the best at anything you do," he said.  

For Swahn, that meant finding a way to be indispensable when he first started at that entry-level chemist position. At the time, he said the ERDEC was developing a new and complicated system to analyze particulates from old munitions. Only he and one other man knew how to use it properly — and that other man was leaving the job.  

"When that guy left, they didn't really have a backfill, so they said, 'We've got to find a way to get on, because he's the only one who knows this instrument,'" Swahn recalled. "That's how I got the full-time position."  

And the rest, as they say, is history.

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Medal of Honor Monday: Army Capt. Jose Calugas

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Medal of Honor Monday: Army Capt. Jose Calugas
May 1, 2023 | By Katie Lange

Army Capt. Jose Cabalfin Calugas wasn't a U.S. citizen during World War II, but he fought valiantly for America when the Japanese invaded his homeland, the Philippines. He earned the Medal of Honor while doing so, but to receive it, he had to survive nearly two brutal years in captivity.

Calugas was born on Dec. 29, 1907, in the village of Leon on the Philippine island of Panay. He was the oldest of three children born to Antonio Calugas and Juliana Cabalfin. The family lived a modest life in their farming community, and Calugas unfortunately lost his mother when he was 12, according to the National World War II Museum.

In 1930, when Calugas was 23, he joined the Philippine Scouts of the U.S. Army. They were a special unit comprising Filipinos who served under the American forces that occupied the Philippines, which was a U.S. territory at the time.

Calugas went to basic and artillery training at Camp Sill, Oklahoma, before being assigned to the Scouts' 24th Artillery Regiment and posted to Fort Stotsenburg just north of Manila. Later, he was assigned to the 88th Artillery Regiment.

At some point, he married a woman named Nora and started a family. They had four children: Noel, Jose Jr., Minerva and Jorge.

Spotlight: Commemorating World War II

By early 1942, World War II in the Pacific was raging, and the Japanese were fighting to take the Philippines from the U.S. As the enemy pushed inland on the main island of Luzon, Allied troops began to withdraw to the Bataan peninsula.

Early on the morning of Jan. 16, 1942, the Japanese attacked the 88th's 1st Battalion, which was stationed near the village of Culis on the Bataan peninsula. Several hours later, around 2 p.m., one of the battalion's batteries was bombed and shelled by the enemy. One gun was taken out of commission, and all the cannoneers were wounded or killed.

Calugas was working as a mess sergeant for another battery, Battery B, at the time. He was preparing meals for soldiers when he realized that the other battery had gone silent. When he figured out what happened, he knew he had to help.

Thanks to his artillery training, Calugas quickly organized about 16 volunteers, who tried to run about a half-mile through a barrage of shelling to get to the damaged battery position. Several of the men were forced back, but a few made it to the gun, including Calugas, who fixed the weapon. He and his men then directed its fire toward the enemy, which continued to fire constant, heavy artillery fire back at them.

After several hours of fighting, Calugas eventually went back to his mess duties so he could feed the starving men in his battalion.

About a month later, Calugas got word that he was going to receive the Medal of Honor for his bravery that day. But he wouldn't get it before the Japanese continued their sweep across the Philippines.

In April 1942, American troops were forced to surrender. Calugas and about 75,000 other Americans and Filipinos became prisoners of war, according to Army records. They were forcibly marched to POW camps in what became known as the infamous Bataan Death March – a 65-mile march that led to the deaths of thousands of men who were brutally mistreated by Japanese troops.

Calugas later told The News Tribune out of Tacoma, Washington, that he'd buried the general order about his Medal of Honor and made sure his fellow soldiers didn't mention it so the enemy guards wouldn't find out. That news would have singled Calugas out and made his punishment harsher — or worse, led to his death.

Somehow, he managed to survive, but he contracted malaria during the march. Calugas used that to his advantage, cleverly pretending the illness lasted longer than it did so his captors wouldn't look too closely at him.

"Every time they would come to inspect, I would wrap myself in burlap and I would shake as hard as I could," he later told The News Tribune.

An official in the province of Pampanga petitioned on Calugas' behalf for his release from prison, The News Tribune said. It was granted in January 1943 when Calugas, who'd suffered malnourishment and frequent beatings for months, was released to work at a rice mill.

While there, Calugas secretly joined a guerrilla spy network. According to the National World War II Museum, he first spied on the Japanese for the group from his camp at the mill, but he escaped in October 1943 to join them. He continued the fight until the Philippines were finally liberated by the Allies in early 1945.

After surviving two harrowing years, Calugas finally received the Medal of Honor on April 30, 1945, from Army Maj. Gen. Richard Marshall in a ceremony at Camp Olivas in Pampanga Province. For more than half a century, he was the only Filipino World War II veteran to receive the nation's highest award for valor. It wasn't until June of 2000 that another Filipino veteran, Army Staff Sgt. Rudolph Davila, was recognized with the honor by President Bill Clinton.

Calugas stayed with the Philippine Scouts after the war, serving with the 44th Infantry Regiment's occupation forces in Okinawa.

Spotlight: Asian American Pacific Islander Heritage Month

At some point, those who fought with the Philippine Scouts were offered U.S. citizenship as a reward for their service. Calugas happily accepted the offer, which included a waiver of residency and exam requirements, and a direct commission.

In 1955, Calugas was transferred to service at Fort Louis, Washington. One by one, he brought the rest of his family to the U.S. By 1963, his family had all successfully immigrated, with his four children eventually becoming citizens.

Calugas retired from the Army as a captain in 1957 and lived with his family in Tacoma, Washington. During summers, he farmed a small plot of land just outside of town. Calugas earned a business administration degree from the University of Puget Sound and worked for Boeing until he permanently retired in 1972.

Calugas died on Jan. 18, 1998, at the age of 90, and was buried in Tacoma's Mountain View Memorial Park. His daughter-in-law, Goody Calugas, told The News Tribune after his death that he was a modest man who didn't like to talk about the war.

"He never talked about his accomplishments — we had to read about them," she said. "He was a very simple, humble man."

Calugas' legacy has been honored in many ways. His family gave his Medal of Honor to the Fort Sam Houston Museum in San Antonio so it could be preserved. There's also a Calugas Circle named for him at the base.

In the Philippines at Mt. Samat, a national shrine to those who fought the Japanese in World War II, Calugas' legacy is remembered within a sculpture there. In 2006, an apartment building in Seattle was also named in his honor.

This article is part of a weekly series called "Medal of Honor Monday," in which we highlight one of the more than 3,500 Medal of Honor recipients who have earned the U.S. military's highest medal for valor.

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