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Saturday, September 21, 2024
Friday, September 20, 2024
The Morning: A rise in breast reductions
Good morning. Today, my colleague Lisa Miller explains the surge in breast-reduction surgeries. We're also covering the North Carolina governor's race, Hezbollah and food prices. —David Leonhardt
Cosmetic change
Fashion is cyclical, and so are fashionable body types. Katharine Hepburn gave way to Marilyn Monroe, who gave way to Twiggy. Madonna was overtaken by Kate Moss. Then Kardashian voluptuousness blew up heroin chic. But when Stella Bugbee, the editor of the Times's Styles section, pointed me to data showing a 64 percent surge in elective breast-reduction surgeries since 2019, we both knew this was more than a fad. I wanted to find out what was happening. Breast reductions have risen in every age group, but especially among patients under 30. Why would more than 70,000 women each year submit to anesthesia, a painful recovery and possible changes to nipple sensation? Why would they risk their ability to breastfeed? It's hard to pinpoint exactly why fashions change. The reason can be a simple rejection of what came before. But sometimes fashion reflects massive political and cultural shifts. Punk manifested the populist fury of anti-Thatcher Britain. Vintage and thrift styles reflect Gen Z's environmentalism. Women's suffrage, the sexual revolution, the entry of women into the professional work force, #MeToo — all these history-making moments have changed not just how women think of themselves but their outward presentation as well. I wrote a story about the new preference for small-breastedness, which The Times published today. In today's newsletter, I'll explain. Lifting a burdenPlastic surgeons say their breast-reduction patients are propelled by social media and word of mouth. They've consumed breast-reduction content online, in graphic and intimate detail, and now these young women regard the procedure as a liberation, attainable for a four- or five-figure fee. (Getting insurance to cover any elective breast reduction is a struggle.) "I am more than my baby-making and -feeding parts," is how they put it to Kelly Killeen, a plastic surgeon in Beverly Hills. The patients talked about the psychic and physical toll of growing up with bigger breasts: constant male attention, disapproval and shaming from parents and teachers who push girls to cover themselves up. Cheyenne Lin, 26, told me about standing in line during recess in elementary school when a teacher reached down and pulled her shirt collar, which had slipped down her shoulder, up to her neck. "I thought I was doing something wrong, but it was just — I had boobs," she said. They lamented being unable to comfortably run track, figure skate, snowboard, hike or dance at their own parties. They bind their breasts with double sports bras. They can't shop in regular retail stores. They're mortified by having to wear special bras and bathing suits with thick support straps. Before her reduction, Lin's breasts were asymmetrical. Starting in her sophomore year of college, she had such constant, searing back pain that she felt trapped in the body of a 70-year-old. When I met her in Los Angeles the week after her surgery, she spoke about her former breasts in derogatory terms, having turned the negative attention of the world on herself. They were "kind of flat and saggy," she said. She began to hate them so much that she averted her eyes when she toweled off after the shower. 'Men need to change'Still, I wondered. We have been living through a revolutionary era of body acceptance. I sent my own daughter to a sleepaway camp where the rule was "no body talk": Girls were not to comment on other girls' physical appearance, for any reason. In my friend groups, we are scrupulously careful not to pass down a previous generation's damaging obsession with thinness and dieting, and we tell our daughters how beautiful they are, whatever their shape. So the idea that breast reduction is a liberation puzzled me. Isn't it just another tool that helps women conform to a body type that is endorsed by the wider culture and is amplified by influencers on TikTok wearing bikinis on yachts? Isn't it an expensive way to be able to wear tube tops and smock dresses in a flattering way? Maybe reductions are mirror image of breast augmentation, still one of the top plastic surgery procedures in the country, at about 300,000 per year. The answer, or a partial answer, came in a series of conversations with the sociologist Sarah Thornton, who in May published "Tits Up," a social history of the breast. As desirable as it may be, it is actually impossible to exist as a woman in the world without absorbing all the thoughts and feelings everyone else has about her body, she reminded me. And breasts, especially bigger breasts, draw a disproportionate amount of attention. Starting at puberty, girls with larger breasts are both oversexualized and critiqued for being droopy, saggy, flabby — and other adjectives associated with aging. "We all want to live in a world where we're not bothered by our appearance, but that's not the reality we're living in right now," Thornton said. "If women are going to have an emancipated rack, then men need to change."
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Opinions After leaving Fox News, Tucker Carlson has become even more effective at uniting anti-establishment, MAGA Republicans, Jason Zengerle writes. As weight-loss drugs explode in popularity, the medical community needs to develop a definition of obesity that emphasizes health risks, not just body size, Julia Belluz writes. Here are columns by Michelle Goldberg on Elon Musk's destruction of Twitter and Pamela Paul on the medical establishment. Readers of The Morning: Don't miss out on a full year of savings. From in-depth coverage of Decision 2024 to unlimited news and analysis, Games, Cooking, The Athletic and more, subscribe now for only $1 a week for your first year.
'True prices': Damage to the environment isn't factored into the price of food. Researchers want to expose this hidden cost by displaying it — in dollars — to consumers. Wheel hustlers: These New Yorkers are making thousands of dollars by moving Citi Bikes around the block. Legumes: Experts weigh in on the health benefits of bean and chickpea pastas — and how to make it taste good. Reconstruction: Prehistoric Earth was very hot. That offers clues about the planet's future. State of the unions: The Times covered their wedding in 2018. Through miscarriage and a high-risk pregnancy, their relationship has remained strong. Lives Lived: JD Souther was part of a coterie of musicians around Los Angeles who circled a peaceful, country-inflected rock sound in the late 1960s. Souther played a central role in the rise of the Eagles, writing or co-writing some of their best-known songs. He died at 78.
M.L.B.: Shohei Ohtani became the first player in league history to hit 50 home runs and steal 50 bases in a season. N.F.L.: Aaron Rodgers and the Jets defeated the Patriots, 24-3, showcasing how good New York can be with Rodgers healthy. W.N.B.A.: The Atlanta Dream clinched the final spot in the postseason after defeating the New York Liberty. See the bracket here.
Many comedy clubs book stand-ups based on networking and follower counts. And while live comedy has recovered well from the pandemic, the gulf in influence between celebrity comics and gifted young unknowns has grown, the Times comedy columnist Jason Zinoman writes. A new venue — the Bushwick Comedy Club — is trying to challenge the establishment. "Simply put, we're going to actually watch submission tapes," one of the owners told Jason. More on culture
Make a cold-weather friendly Caesar salad. Visit London's most distinctive shops. Add these lamps to your bedside table. Expedite cooking with a food processor. Take our news quiz.
Here is today's Spelling Bee. Yesterday's pangrams were eligibility, illegibility and legibility. And here are today's Mini Crossword, Wordle, Sudoku, Connections and Strands. Thanks for spending part of your morning with The Times. See you tomorrow. Sign up here to get this newsletter in your inbox. Reach our team at themorning@nytimes.com.
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Sunday, September 15, 2024
The Morning: Can N.F.L. helmet caps actually help?
Good morning. Today, my colleague Gina Kolata explores the effectiveness of the N.F.L.'s new helmet caps. We're also covering the Supreme Court, Mayor Eric Adams and Demi Moore. —David Leonhardt
Extra protection?
Now that the N.F.L. season has begun, you may have noticed football players wearing a strange sort of cover over their helmets. It's called a Guardian Cap, and it adds a layer of foam to the outside of the helmet, with the aim of reducing brain injuries. N.F.L. players have worn the caps during summer practice for the past few years, but this is the first season the league is allowing them in games. A handful of players wore them during the opening weekend. The company behind the caps, Guardian Sports, says they reduce the force of the impact when a player's head is hit. But what does that mean? And do they protect against concussions? Erin Hanson, Guardian's founder and owner, said an N.F.L. study found that when players used Guardian helmet caps in practice, the number of concussions fell by more than 50 percent. Yet, Guardian also has a disclaimer on its website: "No helmet, practice apparatus or helmet pad can prevent or eliminate the risk of concussions or other serious head injuries while playing sports. Researchers have not reached an agreement on how the results of impact absorption tests relate to concussions." In a telephone interview, Hanson emphasized that it was unrealistic to think that the cap would prevent all concussions. "Football is a dangerous collision sport," she said. "No doubt about it." I asked brain trauma experts to weigh in. What sort of protection can players realistically expect if they wear the helmet caps? Today's newsletter explains what the extra padding could do for concussions, and for C.T.E., the long-term condition that plagues many players later in life.
The trouble with concussionsDon't count on these new helmet caps to protect against concussions, experts said. "The problem is that people confuse head injuries with brain injuries," Dr. Jamshid Ghajar, a neurosurgeon and the president of the Brain Trauma Foundation, told me. "Helmets definitely help with head injuries," like a fractured skull or injuries to the scalp, he noted, but they don't help with concussions. Concussions arise when a person's neck bends and twists after the head is hit. That was apparent on Thursday, when the Miami Dolphins quarterback Tua Tagovailoa suffered a concussion from a tackle that caused his neck to turn sharply. "The neck is very flexible," Dr. Ghajar said. "Its movement causes the brain injury problem, making the front part of the brain whiplash." The front of the brain, he added, "is where we see concussions and severe brain injury." Race-car drivers wear helmets that actually protect them from concussions, Dr. Ghajar noted. The helmet holds the neck rigid so it cannot move in a collision. "Drivers have had collisions at over 200 miles per hour and no brain injury," he said. "Helmets and padding work if you have an iron neck," Dr. Ghajar added. Tricky dataBut what about that N.F.L. study of players that Hanson cited, showing a 50 percent reduction? "That was a pleasant surprise," Dr. Javier Cardenas, a senior medical adviser for the N.F.L., told me. It happened two years in a row, he added, which led him to conclude that the caps "definitely" reduced the risk of concussions. Dr. Daniel Daneshvar, a concussion expert at Massachusetts General Hospital, is not convinced. He noted that the N.F.L.'s study had relied on players reporting their own symptoms, which makes it hard to draw conclusions. The problem, Dr. Daneshvar said, is that players may not always recognize symptoms of a concussion, or may ignore them. And if they think their new helmet caps are protecting them, they may be less likely to report a concussion.
Hope for C.T.E.C.T.E., or chronic traumatic encephalopathy, is the condition that most frightens many football players. It can lead to memory loss and behavioral changes years later. And it results from not just the traumatic impacts that cause concussions, but also the accumulation of smaller hits to the head that every football player endures. The extra padding of helmet caps could, in theory, help reduce that. "Anything that decreases force to the head will decrease the risk of C.T.E.," Dr. Daneshvar said. Kylen Granson, a tight end for the Indianapolis Colts, has said he plans to wear a helmet cap all season. "I would be remiss in not taking every precaution that's available to me," Granson said in a recent Instagram video. "I'm going to get married this coming year. I want to be able to remember our first dance 30 years from now." The N.F.L. has cited a lab study that found Guardian caps reduced force by 10 percent. That "would probably decrease C.T.E. risk," Dr. Daneshvar said, though he cautioned that the lab study used dummies with rigid necks, which he said created "ideal circumstances to maximize the effect." "My analogy would be a filtered cigarette," Dr. Daneshvar said. "It absolutely decreases the rate of cancer, and it might be a step in the right direction, but it's not the entire solution."
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Will Taylor Swift's endorsement of Kamala Harris affect the election? Yes. Swift's endorsement may not persuade Trump loyalists, but it could increase voter turnout, which makes a difference. "Swift is such a megastar that her endorsement has the potential to be more meaningful than almost any other," David Jackson writes for U.S. News and World Report. No. Her endorsement of Harris was largely expected. She also announced it too early — people will have forgotten about it by November. "While it may provide a short-term boost for fund-raising toward Democrats and general voter registration, the momentum will fade, as with any other celebrity's support," Alex Rosado writes for The Washington Examiner.
Trump said he had "concepts of a plan" to replace the Affordable Care Act. Don't be fooled, Senator Elizabeth Warren writes: He knows how he would gut the health care system. To help their children be more independent, parents should pay less attention, Darby Saxbe writes. Here are columns by Nicholas Kristof on a hidden consequence of climate change and Lydia Polgreen on false claims about immigrants. Readers of The Morning: Don't miss out on a full year of savings. From in-depth coverage of Decision 2024 to unlimited news and analysis, Games, Cooking, The Athletic and more, subscribe now for only $1 a week for your first year.
Shoes off, laptops out: A new social media trend involves creatively arranging TSA bins — and showing them off. Clinging on: For many, summer ends in September. Die-hard fans of the season, however, say the best part starts after Labor Day. Real estate: Could characters from "Friends," "Twilight" and "Sex and the City" afford their homes today? Routine: How a 90-year-old comedian spends her Sundays (including a 10-minute set at Gotham Comedy Club). Vows: South meets North India at an inclusive Hindu wedding. Lives Lived: Mary McFadden took symbols from ancient cultures and translated them into intricate embroideries, beading and paintings on dresses worn by figures including Jacqueline Onassis. McFadden died at 85.
"The Life Impossible," by Matt Haig: If only real-life people inherited vacation homes as frequently as fictional ones seem to! In this otherworldly best seller from Matt Haig, author of "The Midnight Library," a septuagenarian math teacher lands a shack in Ibiza, Spain, compliments of a long-lost friend. Of course there are strings attached — mysteries to solve, environmental crises to deflect and entanglements (quantum, romantic and otherwise) to unravel. But roiling beneath Mediterranean splendor is a deeper message about the unknown and whether it should remain that way. Not to be confused with Steve Gleason's moving memoir by the same name, "The Life Impossible" pairs well with Liane Moriarty's "Here One Moment," coming out on Tuesday. Read our review here. More on books
This week's subject for The Interview is Demi Moore, whose new movie, "The Substance," is a dark comedy about the horrors of getting older as a woman in Hollywood. But it's also a literal body-horror film in which Moore's character takes a strange elixir that allows her to create a younger, more perfect version of herself. Moore, now in her 60s, spoke about her own attempts at changing her body over the years, and aging in an industry that doesn't always embrace older women. Why did you sign on to star in a movie about a woman who's aging in Hollywood and at war with her own body? It felt very meta watching you do this. Why it was easy for me to step in and do this is because I don't feel I am her. This is a woman who has no family — she's dedicated her entire life to her career, and when that's taken, what does she have? And so, in a way, I had enough separation from her, and at the same time, a deep, internal connection to the pain that she was experiencing, the rejection that she felt. I knew it would be challenging, but potentially a really important exploration of the issue. Tell me what you understand the issue to be. That it's not about what's being done to us — it's what we do to ourselves. It's the violence we have against ourselves. The movie starts with your character sitting down with a male executive and being told that when you turn 50, it's over. Is that something that you heard a lot working in Hollywood? I feel like it's less overt. It's less overt and a little bit more of the unspoken perception that your desirability — there's a line in the film that says your desirability as a woman is done with your fertility, which for me, it's a perception that's been bought into, but it doesn't make it the truth. Read more of the interview here.
Click the cover image above to read this week's magazine.
Design a cozy window seat this fall. Consider a kitchen torch. Ditch the brown bag for a good lunch box.
Tortellini is an amazing all-ages convenience food, Emily Weinstein writes in this week's Five Weeknight Dishes newsletter. She suggests using it in a one-pot dish with prosciutto and peas, which seems fancier than it really is. Emily's other dinner recommendations include: smashed chicken burgers with Cheddar and parsley, and oven-seared salmon with corn and tomatoes.
Here is today's Spelling Bee. Yesterday's pangrams were javelin and javelina. Can you put eight historical events — including the first spacewalk, the first M.R.I., and the invention of the folding umbrella — in chronological order? Take this week's Flashback quiz. And here are today's Mini Crossword, Wordle, Sudoku, Connections and Strands. Thanks for spending part of your weekend with The Times. Sign up here to get this newsletter in your inbox. Reach our team at themorning@nytimes.com.
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